Wednesday, 15 October 2014

CONTEXT OF PRACTICE - BOOM LECTURE 3

The third session that was recorded as part of my dissertation research was a discussion panel with the founders of three of the leading transformational festivals in the world, Deogo Ruivo from Boom festival in Portugal, Harley Dubois from Burning Man in America and Eule and Sara from Fusion Festival in Germany. 

During the discussion the panel talk about each festivals history, values, dynamics and the possibility of future collaborations. The points discussed during the talk have relevance to various parts of my dissertation and also provide referenceable information about each festival. 

The body of text below display the transcribed version of the recorded lecture; 




Boom, Fusion & Burning Man - Discussion Panel.
Diogo Ruivo (Boom), Eule (Fusion), Harley DuBois (Burning Man).
Discussion moderator - Isis van der Wel. 


Isis - 
So, welcome everybody, it's really good that your all hear, especially because we have this great panel here that are going to talk about three of the most cutting edge festivals on the planet today. So, I'm really curious about what they can teach us and how we can all inspire each other to move onward with our lives and our communities all over the planet and be an inspirational force. We are going to talk today with Harley DuBois, she is Black Rock City Manager and co-founder of Burning Man (applause). 

Next to her we have Dergesi from Culture Cosmos, this is the organisation responsible for different events like for instance Fusion (applause).

Next to Harley is Sarah, she has been involved in the Cultural Cosmos from the beginning and plays an important role in the production of Fusion festival, and next to her is the Festival director Eule and he is also co-founder of the Cultural Cosmos (applause).

And this is Deogo Ruivo, and Deogo is co-founder of Boom festival (applause). 

Along this panel we will talk about where the festivals came from, where they are at? where are they heading, what are the parallels? And what are the differences? Before we start about all of this I would like each and every person on the panel to give a quick introduction of their festival, how did it all start? When did it start? And where did the inspiration come from to start a new alternative festival?

Harley - 
Thank you, so Burning Man has been around for a little bit of a while now, it started back in 1986 on a baker beach in San Francisco. In 1990 it moved to the desert and there it really found its home and a place for it to expand. I developed the infrastructure that makes the city run, so after twenty plus years I created the way we place all the camps in the city, city planning, all of our systems for lighting the city, information resources etc etc. And then at a certain point I got handed all 'Life Safety', like our communications systems, our fire department, our medical, all of that stuff. So after my contributions of over twenty some odd years I have given up my roll as city manager and I am moving on to some other things in the future but thats how it all started.

Isis-
Yeah Culture Cosmos (Kulturekosmos), how did that start? When did that start? What is it exactly for the people that don't know this.

Eule -
Well Kulturekosmos started in '97 and even a few years before we started making parties, mostly little parties, when we found out in the middle of the 90's that we got a bit bored of one-dimensional parties. The only people that did open air parties were trance parties, so we started to look at trance and we get to the point that this couldn't be had there must be much more we can confront people with, we can involve in our parties. So we started a project called Uside, which comes from underground side. So we went to places, really different places mostly with military history, military places, or places that had a really bad history. We transformed them way for get really good organising in these years, so we could bring about a thousand people in about one hour to whatever place we had discovered. We came to a place where we get permission, this was the place from where the Kulturekosmos festival is now done. When we came there we found out that this place has amazing options to enlarge our ideas, to realise, to make something bigger and more diverse. So we started this wicked idea that we can do once a year an event here we can involve more of this, more theatre. And then we created the association Kulturekosmos, which is implemented in the word Kulturekosmos as well as in the word fusion festival, but it was from the beginning the goal to make something which is much more diverse than what we have seen from other people. So this was maybe the beginning of the idea of kulturekosmos. 

Deogo Ruivo -
So the path actually of boom is quite similar to the path of Fusion, we also started producing parties in the early nineties, in 91 - 92 in Portugal, usually open air parties. In 95-96 it became obvious that we needed to gather, that we wanted to gather more friends from around the world. In Portugal the conditions are usually great weather, like we have here today, and so we started kind of calling in the friends, so actually Boom was born in 97 also as Fusion. And we started doing it in the south of Portugal, in the forest about four hundred kilometers from here now. At that time, the first event we did was quite a stunning success already, we had something like six thousand people at the first even we did, the first Boom, which was surprising for us because at that time we were doing parties with one and a half thousand people, so we were quite blasted. From then on we kept on doing it every year for two years until we got to 98, and we thought wow this is growing too fast too soon. So it was then that we introduced the gap, the bi-annual gap and we stopped in 99, we didn't do it and then we did it again in two thousand and then every two years until now. 

Isis-
Thank you very much.

Isis - 
I visited all of your festivals and I really got inspired a lot, all the new information and the alternative to the ordinary ways of doing and its so important for us to take all of these things back home and use them in our everyday lives. Did you all visit each others festivals?

Deogo Ruivo -
Well yes, many of the production team of Boom have visited both these festivals that are  represented here plus several other ones that exits around the world. Personally, I went to burning man in the late nineties early two thousands, and then Fusion I went in two thousand and six if i'm not wrong now. And from then it was always interesting visiting as research, I always called burning man as the 'Big Daddy', so it was always 'lets go see what big daddy is doing'. So it was quite interesting to go there and learn, especially for me, i'm very connected to systems and logistics and how we can cater and hold so many people in an event or in a location, and Burning Man has always been a learning process for me in that sense. Fusion has been for me kind of a mind opening in its Fusion, in its variety that it holds and maintains and in a way the crowd that it has, it is extremely varied. In the beginning, when i started going there in 2005 or so Boom was still very trance orientated, I mean trance is still the heartbeat of Boom but in the past few years we have started expanding in new ways, and new kinds of music etc etc. But Fusion was quite an astonishing experience in that sense.

Isis - 
Yeah, I can imagine. 

Kulturekosmos co-founder - 
This is actually our first time at Boom, its great to be here and also that you came along the last years. I have been one time at Burning Man in 2012, some people from Burning Man came to Fusion and invited us and so we found the time to come, and it was great, it was really inspiring. So yeah.


Harley - 
So, this is my first time at Boom and I have not personally been to Fusion, but our founder Larry Harvey and my colleague Marian Adele have been to Fusion. We have staff that pretty much travel the world and go to different festivals and bring the information back and form relationships and then invite people to come to our events. So, we have a real flow of rapacity and trying to keep the kindred spirits together on a regular basis.

Isis -
I can imagine that also when you visit each other’s festivals or hear stories about them you see the parallels and feel that there is a connection. I see connections between the three festivals on different levels. If you visit each others festivals do you see something and think 'oh now i'm going to bring that back and change my own system in that direction' or 'thats a good idea lets implement it', did you find something you didn't do yourself yet?

Kulturekosmos co-founder - 
When I was at Burning Man the people from logistics and other stuff they showed us everything how they do it with the ticketing, with different solutions they had to find for the problems, and it was like 'Ah yeah we do it in the same way'. It was more of a coincidence that we found alone, similar solutions to the same problems, if you really think and find your solutions by yourself that not via business thinking its more via creative thinking. But still it was inspiring to see it. 

Isis -
Harley, you said that you have and example of how you do it, or you teach people how you work. Is there a way that people can get in touch with that information?

Harley - 
Erm yeah actually, thats a lot of what i'm working on now, we are developing a whole educational arm for our entity. We started off as a for profit, and we moved to a non-profit model because we should have always been there, and with that opportunity we are even able to go further in being able to give people more things. We are starting a whole educational arm that we are going to be open-sourcing, we have always been open-source, we have been giving away our ranger manual and giving away our training on volunteerism and all that for years and years and years. And now we want to do it even bigger and better, and as much as anybody wants it we are going to give it to people. And its fascinating hiring somebody into that position to do that work, we didn't realise how much we've done, we have so much we have already done and so much more we want to do. And thats really our cutting edge right now is really moving into education and into sharing and into learning, how do we learn and how can we share?

Isis-
Yeah, that’s great.


Eule -
Well we got inspired even though we had not been here before from what we have heard Boom. Like, now we have come here we have found out that people are so patient with the environment, nobody is pissing anywhere, well not no one, but we have to ask ourselves how people are conditioned not to piss because there is not so many options if you need to go to the toilet. But when we come here we have found out that is so clean, and its not because there is always somebody running behind somebody picking up his litter its because the people themselves are so well conditioned, its like 'litter goes there'.... (interrupted by clapping).
Remember something, we really wish for Fusion that people got really more inspired of that and say 'Ok we need to cash ten euros to everybody to fill a plastic bag and bring it somewhere' to avoid the worst situation like it was a few years ago where it was a litter field after the festival. So we get to the point where it is no longer a litter field but we still have forty people working everyday litter picking six weeks after the festival, and this goes on until the end of the month, and we would wish these people could go to other parties rather than litter picking at Fusion site, they have other things to do and we can train the people to pick the litter themselves. This festival is run without chemical toilets, we started first time this year to set up a hundred compost toilets because we got inspired, but it was a good experience, I will add something later to that but this was also something when we saw ok, they did it and they do it and they do it well so why shouldn't we start it and try to go behind them.  

Deogo Ruivo -
An inspiration, I think i mentioned a bit earlier a bit earlier on the inspiration we got logistically just from observing Burning Man, how its been organised and sort and divided as a city, which is quite amazing. Also, there is a very big difference between the American reality and the European reality, especially the Portuguese reality because I quote this is the begging of Africa, and its very complicated to get so much logistics and so much material and equipped and machines that you can get in the USA. So there's a very big gap, but still we learnt a lot  there, how to manage things in a better way, how to make the space more comfortable for everyone that comes to the festival. And I think this is one of the points that is very important in locations like this one which is not as deserty as Burning Man but the temperatures can also get very very high, and so we really have to pay a lot of attention to keep everyone here quite stable. Dehydration's are extremely high at Boom, they are getting less as less as the years go on as the public gets used to drinking more etc. But also the shades, and all of these things started coming after. In the beginning we had very few shades in Boom, we learn that a bit from Burning Man, they don't build much shade themselves but the people build a lot of shades. So we learned from the public of Burning Man, and that was quite an interesting point also yeah. From Fusion was this, lets say, Germanic practicality you know, which for us southerners its really amazing how efficient it is. I want to give an example from this year, I'm sorry I talk a lot of logistics but it is one of my main loves, but I went to Fusion and they had something like fifteen forklifts with one guy or a girl inside with a walkie-talkie ready to go to do whatever needed whenever needed. And here we have four now so we are happy for that. So, this kind of German efficiency has brought us in a bit.

Eule - 
Keep it at four, because if you have forty you can’t imagine how it was when you had four and it worked anyway. 

Deogo Ruivo -
Yeah exactly. So there's many things but I think mainly its the cultural uplifting that comes from visiting the different festivals that brings us new ideas. For us it is very important to visit the other spaces, what other people are doing, whats the new edge. Especially for Boom as we have this gap year, which is a research year for us. We do a lot of research in the gap year, and go to all of the different festivals see whats new, see what Fusion is bringing in new, see what Burning Man is bringing in new and try and re-adapt it into the Boom reality and make something, make fusions out of these different things, this is what we try to do mostly. 

Isis -
Thank you. So what I basically hear is that you all feel this urge to change something, to find the new barrier and go across it and lay a new frontier. But which way are you aiming for? Do you have a mission vision for your festival that says 'we want to proclaim this or that', we want to other than the arts and the cultural programming, do you have guidelines to where you’re heading for content wise?

Eule - 
Well this is maybe one of the differences between Boom and Fusion, i don't know I haven't been to Burning Man but, we have not ambition, we do a festival that developed out of our years and we are a very focused group who knows our goals, to create a space where people can have an experience which is out of their normal way which makes them think about how the world could look like. It comes to the point when they come to the festival the feel like 'Ok, so many things are different and so many things I have not witnessed before in my normal life' and they start thinking about it. But we are with we feel like we should go around, go outside, spread a message or have a mission. There's many people who come to Fusion and we prepare a festival which makes them think and maybe change their thoughts about things. We also don't have speakers or whatever, when we got invited here and somebody told us you should go and speak in front of a few hundred people, on Sunday, in English after three days of partying, we said no way, no way, we will never do this. Now anyway we came here, and this is a homage to the people who do Boom festival because we found that it is such a good group, we love them, and (inaudible) says well because we don't speak so good English and we don't have a mission we don't go there, but now we are here anyway. 

Harley - 
Well, first of all there's always something from another festival that always comes back and changes who we are, and I think what I have noticed here, in my short time i'm here, is that there is a kindness and generosity of spirit to all of the staff and to all the people here that I wanna see more of at Burning Man, just the way the staff treats each other and the way you guys get along so well, so thank you for that. When we went to Fusion we really loved to see the variety of music that was curated, and Mr. Larry Harvey who founded Burning Man is really not into music and he came back all pumped up on the music, so that was real exciting. We're at the stage now where we defiantly have a vision and missions that we are working towards not so much at the event, at the event we really like things to evolve. Like sure, this year we wanna get more art cars fueled by gases rather than bringing in big gallons of gasoline that are a fire hazard. So thats one of our goals this year for sure, but really the reason we have grown successfully is because we look at the garden and pull out the weeds and we tend to the things that are beautiful and you never know whats going to be a weed or whats going to be a beautiful thing. So we kind of like the organicness of it, thats very important. But we defiantly have a vision towards our future that is connected, its more connected with other festivals, its more connected with more opportunity with civic engagement around the world. So we're always working in the back of our heads during our advance towards how can we execute on that vision, which is one of the reasons i am here today.

Isis-
Can you say something about not using money at the festival because I see that as a unique element, I don't know if there has been another festival like it. So, is that a value you developed throughout the years or did you start with it immediately and whats the idea.

Harley-
Yeah, we started with it immediately, of course immediately it was fifty people, then it was two hundred and fifty people and then it was five hundred people, but it was always there that this is not about money. And i have always said, people say 'oh well you'll sell out at some point', like I just gave away my life work to a non-profit because thats the way it should be. I have always said as soon as money came and started corrupting our values i'm out of here i'm gone. And so, money is not something that we get very much of or value that highly, honestly. We really value peoples individual contributions over money, we value peoples needs wanting to give to the community much higher than money. So, its always been there, and it was a real struggle for many many many years, but now we have become a non-profit and now that we have grown to a critical mass where we are actually hitting CEO's of corporate America, and they are getting the value of what we are doing. We really hope that the money is going to flow back, and that we wont have as many money issues, but not because we did it wrong and sold out but because we held tight and stayed with it. And we are moving in the right direction, now watch us, if in two or three years we are not there then were going to tank, Burning Man is not going to happen anymore, because we're putting it all on the line right now, but thats what we're going for, we haven't sold out and we don't intend to. 

Isis-
One big difference between the festivals, especially if we are looking at Burning Man where there is all participation but no spectators, only participators is the sentence right? Or thats basically the idea. Here at Boom we don't have that crowd source element other than the volunteers, is that right Deogo?

Deogo-
Also, bringing Fusion also into the question, this is a point that i fond very very interesting in Fusion, there is kind of a central production that holds the space to come an build in their things. Boom started a little bit the other way around, it started as a centre production that builds everything and brings in the teams that help doing it. and its still very much running like this, of course every different area that you see now here has a very independent team with its own budget etc etc. But its still very much centrally coordinated and the operational side of Boom is still all central. In a way this has been kept over the years to keep the vision of this festival running, and also maybe because we didn't learn to do it another way. Probably in the future it could can be changed, its always open to change the Boom festival team, they are open to change and to see what can come in the future, new ways, new collaborations, new patterns of organising and managing a festival and creating a festival, but at the moment its still very much centrally coordinated. 

Isis-
But you can participate as a volunteer, if I want to work for Boom there's a possibility to do this?

Deogo-
Yeah, you can and we have a thank you for all the volunteers this year, they were great and precious (applause). What we have been doing in the last few years with the volunteers which are growing, the amount of volunteers ever year is we try as much as we can to place them in jobs that they will learns something. Either by construction, or by compost toilet systems and how they run or whatever, this is how we are trying to slowly bring in volunteers into the organisation. 


Isis-
So you are open for a possible change in the future? your not saying it has to stay like this it just hasn't happened yet. 


Deogo-
Yeah, its definitely open, its definitely open. More and more we are starting to receive external projects that want to do things here, that make proposals, that try to fit in and we try to cater for them. 

Isis-
It would be nice, maybe an open stage where they can...

Deogo-
Its possible, all possibilities are open.

Isis-
And Eule and Sara, how does it work at Fusion? You have a arbeitsamt where you can apply for a job, if your at Fusion and you wanna have a job you go to the arbeitsamt, to the job office, how does that work with you.


Sara-
We have two structures of collaboration. First of all we have one group who is organising everything, but we work with two hundred groups, seven thousand people. All the groups work independently, some do stages some do different stuff like the rubbish collection or the gate manager or the kitchen and stuff like this, and they are self organised. So there is really like a network, or a spider web, or an organic structure which I really like and I think its also special and also makes more like the other seven thousand people are crew, we don't call them staff. I think it is also because they are self organised crews and they find their own solutions, and you can see it also if you got to Fusion and if you go to a space or a floor you see ever body doesn't really risk their heat and the money they earn from this from the bar aor whatever they put in their projects, they are like political groups or like youth groups or they do political stuff or petrol stuff and they don't work for money and this you can also feel.

Isis-
Harley, we have heard that volunteers can enter Boom and Fusion festival, in Burning man everyone can do something or build your own structure, what are the restrictions of contributing to Burning Man if I go there?

Harley-
Well there's no restrictions on contributing. So we have different tiers of volunteering first of all when you volunteer at Burning Man it doesn't mean that you get a free ticket, and we have never compromised on that because if someone is going to come and volunteer but I know they are doing it because they want a ticket I will never know what motivations they have. But if somebody comes and says i'm willing to do this and i'm going to buy my own ticket I know that I have somebody, or we have somebody thats motivated to be there for the reasons that we want to be there. And we do reimburse people for their tickets after they have worked hard, different teams, there is sixty different teams that make Burning Man happen and every team has its own variation on what that means. Like when your working a ranger shift and your kind of in the thick of it with difficult situations you only have to work four shifts, but if your doing the greeter shift which is just kind of fun then you have to six shifts, so it varies. But people can be reimburse and people who are hardcore tight and true will get their ticket to get in that year, not you work this year and we give it to you for next year, but to get in that year. So we are pretty hardcore when it comes to it, but what its done has made it fair across the board for everybody and everyone kind of knows that everyone is there for the same reasons, or at least in the same realm of the same reasons. And its worked well for us, its worked well.

Isis-
But i'm talking about the visitors that not necessarily want to work on the team, but for instance they want to set up their own area, thats possible at Burning Man?

Harley-
Oh yeah, thats what makes Burning Man. Burning Man the infrastructure, the people that make the city just create a vessel, what we do is create a vessel, and without the people that come to the event the event would not happen because we don't have stages and booked artists to perform on the stages, we don't try to get so many performance acts and so many this act or so many art sculptures, whatever comes comes, and they just do what they want to do. So its totally self made, its a DIY society completely. The infrastructure is there, and infrastructure means porta-potties, roads that are due fined, safety, medical, staff thats there to help you and support you, but you don't know they are there until you need them. And everyone makes themselves, shade structures, their own water, their own coffee, their own fabulous art, their own amazing stages for music etc.

Isis-
So I can never see the program I just have to experience it?

Harley-
Well yeah you can see the programme, its really long. Its generated by the people who meet the deadline to get stuff in, and there's so much stuff that doesn't even get in. So its online, you have like forty eight hours to get your thing in, you get in and you get into the programme. Otherwise its on computer, but computers don't really work out there so you better look before you come because it really is the middle of nowhere and your cellphones don't work and your computers don't work. So there is a programme, its self generated. We again host the opportunity for people to put their stuff up there and we produce the pamphlet to give to people but we don't control the content. 

Isis-
Ok thats interesting, and is there any restrictions to the age of the visitors at Burning Man?

Harley-
We are a family friendly event, my daughter has been coming since before she was born because she was in vitro the first year and my mother comes at eighty four. Its a family reunion for many people now which spans are vast.

Isis-
And how does it work for Fusion, do you have children there?

Sara-
At Fusion there is also a children's space, well a family space where people with children can come and camp, and its not so loud there, and there is also a programme for children. So children with their parents can come, but children or young people without parents cannot come. So we try to be careful about it. 

Eule-
We have to decide to separate the family area a bit from the big side, it was also a compromise with the authorities who said 'Ok you have to take care of childrens health'. When they came and they saw small children with people out of their heads on the dance floor, and said well, not only that but we said 'this is not possible, this is not good'. So we decided children can come on the site with the whole family in the day time, but when it becomes night the children have to stay in the family area, because we don't want to have children with us when we get out of our heads and everything is going like high time party it is not for children.

Deogo-
Well there is the BimBamBoom here in Boom which is just up here behind here. Its a marvelous place for all children of all ages. I mean from the beginning we always had families coming, and the whole thing started as a family gathering in a way. So the idea of children is part, we don't even consider it as external it is part completely of the festival, and its growing, its also growing, every year we have more and more different ages. We kind of slowly introduced a restriction of age, I don't really know exactly what the age limit is at the moment but it has to do...

Audience member-
One year! 

Deogo-
Ok so there is a mother there. Yeah its one year because before we had a case where, I think it was 2008 where we had a baby that was three or four weeks here, and it didn't go to well. The baby is good and its a healthy child now but things didn't go too well for the baby, and from that time on we decided ok the child has to be stable to be here, its a very hardcore environment. So from then on everyone can come, thats the idea.

Isis-
Yeah I think thats great, i think its also important that all the generations have the chance to experiences these new experiences together so we can compare our perception and exchange the ideas that we all learned throughout our lives. And also I think one of the values I have recognised in all of your festivals on one or another way is the environmental aspect. I think now in the world we are going through a change and that we have, and I see that especially these festivals have a leading role in changing the ways of using the materials, recycling, food and beverage, waste control, you don't seem to have put it up as an official mission but I believe that you do have a special feeling for that. 

Deogo-
Yes, our feeling, I speak for Boom in a sense, our feeling came from a very big question that came to our minds after every festival, and the question is also still pertinent today and it should be everyone has had this, 'do we have the right to bring so many people to one location to then completely dump it after we have a party'. And obviously the answer is defiantly no, and this came from there the concept that we must change, we must change this very fast, and we started in the early two thousands to bring consciousness to the public, to bring consciousness to ourselfs, to start learning systems because there wasn't really too many systems of running a festival in a sustainable way. There wasn't until then. There was few little events in England and two or three in the United States but there wasn't too many things that were large scale. In this sense Boom since the middle of the two thousands has really put a lot into researching, inventing, designing, engineering ways of becoming as sustainable as it can be, there is still a way to go but it is on its way. I'm also happy to hear from Eule that for them its nice to see an event that people are already slightly more conscious of what they can do at an event and keep an event as clean as boom is now or days. And this was a very long process of learning and teaching.

Isis-
Yeah because you said that there was a whole pile of mess at first, how did you educate the visitors? How did you do that? 

Deogo-
Subtly. Its a a bit, I mean its you know, you start bringing in information through the media that you have as an event organisier, or as the event itself. Then it has a lot to do with work on the ground, and there is an amazing team that has been working on this area, which is actually to slowly teach people what to do with there garbage at an event, where to put to, how to place it. And so for many years we had teams that for example in the early morning where on the dance floor, and as soon as they saw someone putting something on the floor they would look at the person, pick up the thing and put it in the trash, this is enough. And so, slowly, slowly this came as a memory to people to not do it any more, and people start feeling that 'yeah I must change my ways'. The next big thing that we have done is for example the restaurants, actually its very interesting because as I am speaking we just have a huge meeting with all the restaurants because of course this festival became slightly bigger that expected this year. And so all the restaurants have brought just about enough plates, bio-compostable plates and forks and knives and plates and cups. But now they are coming to the end of it and they still have one more day to run, so everyone is begging us 'please can we use plastic again, because thats what we can buy in the supermarket here near in Castelo Branco', and we say 'no we will find you a solution'. So we are finding a solution to that. So in that sense this mind shifting of everything, not just the people but the organisation itself, the people who come externally to help build all the restaurants and chi shops etc, they also have to change there ways. Its from top to bottom and bottom to top the change.

Isis-
Yeah thats really good, i'm glad to hear so.
At burning man it started with leave no trace I assume, or did it come up when you moved to the desert?

Harley-
Yeah we are the largest city users of leave no trace on the planet that we know of. It actually happened in nineteen ninety seven, nineteen ninety seven was a really seminal year, and its interesting to me that both of your festivals started in nineteen ninety seven. That was the year that we banned driving in our city, that we created more infrastructure and made people camp in a certain area so we can actually find somebody if they get hurt instead of saying, 'oh ambulance go over there by the red tent and the green truck,' like no 'its on street A at Z' you know. And that was the year that we were on private land and we had to cut a road into the environment, and we had to replant it afterward or we were going to get a really bad rap by the local community, and we would have lost the opportunity to do our event. So we quickly turned around and started a group of volunteers and they decided to call themselves the 'earth guardians', and the first thing we did was reseed that road, and when you drive by that road today you cant tell its there anymore, so that started an entire movement. We also started working with the federal government to take these leave no trace principles, they started training us through leave no trace and now we train hundreds of people every year on leave no trace principles. We are one of the best stewards of the Black Rock desert, we are the gold standard from the federal government on how to clean up after ourselves, we have no garbage containers at our events we'll never have garbage containers, and we teach people extensively how to compost things, how to dry out their rinds, how to make their stinky stuff go away, because they are all driving six to  ten to twelve hours out of our event with their stinky garbage in the back of their car. So we teach them how to do that better. It's been a long hard fought battle but its one thats paid us in spades over time, and there is a lot of information on our website about how we do it, it wasn't easy but it was really important. 

Isis-
And it goes a little bit further at Burning Man, you don't just clean your own garbage, you also keep every little wire or tiny little piece of plastic and call it 'Moop', right?

Harley-
Matter Out Of Place - Moop. 

Isis-
Yeah, and what happens with the Moop?

Harley-
So we actually have to clean absolutely everything up because the environment we are in is not organic in any way shape or form, its alkaline, and if you leave a water mellon pit, or you clip your fingernails and leave your fingernail, it will blow down the ply and exist for hundreds of years. So we clean absolutely everything up. And the interesting thing about that is that people say 'why are you different than some concert people go to that feel great and then ten days later they are just back to the way they were before they are no different'. And its things like this, when you have to be responsible for every fingernail clipping, and your going to get hassled, this is why you guys are so nice, we use public embarrassment to teach people to clean up, we GPS the entire city and marked it green, yellow and red, and when someone was red the whole community got mad at them for being red. So we are kind of hardcore that way, but when you learn that lesson you take it with you, and you bring it home and all of a sudden your neighbor starts doing it, and then your father starts doing it and then your other neighbor starts doing it and it kind of sticks with you. When you have something that feels good like that you start teaching other people and it starts reinforcing itself. And I think thats one way we have been able to change our cultures at home based on the simple principles that we use at Burning Man in the desert. 

Isis-
Yep, true.
This panels called 'Global transformation through the arts' and right now we are here in the 'Liminal Village' which is a speakers area where we have panels, but not every festival has a space like this, Eule told me your not doing it at fusion?

Eule-
Well we don't have a speakers area like this but we have two different places where they do conferences or meetings, there are a lot of political groups. (speaks to Sara) Oh we, have three different places, maybe one I haven't discovered already. But anyway there are places and people organising conferences or meetings. A lot about actual political things and there is also a big workshop area, between the workshop and the conference area, it could change there could be a workshop or there could be a meeting, and we call it the 'Oasis' which is almost run by political groups. It is a small area where there is all different kinds of exhibitions and meetings, lectures and whatever.

Isis-
So things happen during the festivals..

Eule-
Yeah, things are happening. But when we see this, we go as far to say 'maybe we should be thinking about developing or doing something like in that size or in that importance like it is here in the future. 

Isis-
Yeah in the content element.
Burning Man gets its programme from the participants, if there is no participants setting up a space like this, is there a space like this?

Harley-
There's actually a number of spaces like this, a lot of the communities take it upon themselves to make this kind of space. We are in support of one or two of them as well, we don't put any money towards them but we help to foster good activities at them. So i would say there are as many as twelve. We started doing a little sub-cataloging of anything that was academic or lecture serious, because its become kind of trendy, we all know TEDx, TED has made it kind of trendy. So we actually have TEDx at Burning Man, there are about ten other spaces that do all kinds of programming that are just programming 24/7 full length of the event, and then there's so many different kinds of lectures that happen that you would get in that catalog that we print, just people with their own expertise coming in and sharing it. When I was pregnant at Burning Man I went tried all this stuff and learnt all this stuff about being a mum, you know, different phases of my life I have gone to Burning Man and learned a lot of things that have helped me as I have moved forwards with my personal quests.  

Isis-
I just heard we have ten more minutes to have this panel going on and then afterwards you all get a chance to ask questions if you want to, but before we finish this I would like to see if there are any possibilities for these three festivals to collaborate in the future? Or are you already collaborating and what way are you getting through loopholes?

Harley-
Well just because I have the mic I guess I will just start. So we have been very interested in collaboration as I said before, I would love to see collaboration, I will be affected when I go back and we will see change based on my experience here for sure. But I think its really our duty to go beyond that, and thats my new role actually with the entity, is to try and formalise Burning Man being a node for all the activities that are happening globally. We have two hundred and forty people around the globe that are designated as people working with us. We have over sixty sanctioned events, they are allowed to use our name because we know we are aligned with them enough that we are willing to let them use our name, and there are many more events around the world. From being the first disaster relief plane to fly medical supplies into Haiti, to doing a lecture series or other creative events like this one that are already happening that are connected that identify as being Burning Man. But I believe we shuold go much further than that, I have started a group in San Francisco that takes a major museum, a science and art museum, to work with a foundry and forge and jewelry making facility that is cutting edge that also is working with the 'Maker Fair' if you guy have heard of maker fair which is kind of global as of late. We are working together as business entities within the city because we have a larger voice if we are all working together, we have got our fire department to pay more attention to us in our city, the city to pay more attention to us. So I feel it is all our duties to take what we have and share together, and I look forward to much more connectivity with festivals moving forward. 

Deogo-
Well yes, its definitely a big yes for us. I think we still have a lot to learn and a lot to evolve and ideas can come together between festivals. Mainly because we still have a big responsibility here as festivals, I call them beacons of sanity in the middle of insanity. This is what the festival is for me now or days, its a place where I can come and temporarily live something different, and this is something that is very difficult to generate in our current controlled society. I think all of the festivals represented here at the moment are quite good lets to say (inaudible) of this, they can create a lot of this powerful new dimensional place, its for people to experience different situations and different perspectives in life. Its short, its very impactful and it really transforms people in a way, whatever way it is, Burning Man is a way, Fusion is another way Boom is another way, but it creates the same kind of awakening. I think this is very much where the festivals should slowly start to get together and say 'ok, we have defined and designed different equations that come to the same result, how can we bring it together to make it even more powerful? Because if something we did now or days in this crazy world its something that makes its transnational, faster and more powerful and for bigger crowds. In a way this is my perspective and I hope we can work together more and more and more. Personally, I would like very much to start because its a closer neighbor to start working a lot more is with Fusion, and exchanging more and more ideas, and of course with Burning Man also even through you are on the other side of the Atlantic. But still its great that you are here and to be in contact and definitely many things will come out of it. Essentially for us it tends to do with this responsibility that the festivals that have made it into this lets say non-commercial perspective, which is 99% of the events now or days in the world. So the festivals that have made it from a non-commercial perspective and have something more to it, its really a mission that they should get together as much as they can.

Isis-
Yeah, cooperation is the way forward. And talking about collaboration I would really like to know where the name Fusion came from, because from what you are saying it comes from fusing different cultural influences, but also didn't it also have to do with the different cultural backgrounds of the people starting it?

Eule-
No, it comes from a background of most of them, it came out of the sub-cultural context of political movements or whatever. We started getting more into bringing some hedonism into their life in the early 90's, and we found out ok there is not only political life that is important in life, you also need to get something to abstrange your soul and we started making parties. In the beginning it was difficult because people had fear about getting involved or other people getting involved in partying because they found they would lose their consciousness about political issues and political things which that did not happen, but the fear was there. When we went to really fundamentalist places, where there was never before a techno party, and we went there and there was a gay group a bar group there was techno all night long and people had never seen this before. There was a discussion afterwards if this could bring the movement forward or if this would stop the political movement in a way, because if everyone is only making part what happens with the political fight? Nothing happened, none of these people are involved in Fusion are part of our network and have found a way of being political on one side, fighting against whats wrong in this world, and having parties on the other side and brings both together. Fusions was more like we need to find a name which brings all the points together in one word and what we want to do and so it was Fusion. 

Isis-
So is there any one on the panel that wants to say something or should we ask the audience to ask questions to us? What do you recon, anyone, last message? 

Anybody in the room want to contribute?

Audience member one-
So collaboration of community and infrastructure are the main themes i'm seeing when im listing to you talk about these major gatherings of people, and i'm wondering as a person thats interested in adding to the event or creating a space, another cultural space where people are free, am I missing something here? In my mind when I think of how to start and move forward you need the community, you need the infrastructure, do you need a legal team thats defending your right to be together and express? 

Isis-
On the outside do you mean? Do you use...

Audience member one-
Do you need some type of security in order to allow it to grow?

Isis-
Well I think its always a matter of talking to the local authorities and you need the right people to do so, but maybe you have a team, lawyers how do you communicate with the local authorities?

Deogo-
I'll pass to big daddy because they are the specialists at that.

Harley-
Well we got away with being totally under the wire and totally renegade untill 1997. We got away with it in the United States, and every country is different, until somebody got hurt, and then I felt really really really bad I wanted to quit, and then the heat came down. That's why we became an LLC instead of becoming a non-profit because it takes a long time to get a non-profit together, but you can make a legal entity called an LLC in ten minutes. So we became one because our event was going to shut down, and thats why because somebody got hurt we stopped driving and stopped all these other things. And it changed the whole play of our event and we lost a whole half of our event because everything was different after that. So we went from being really anarchistic, anything goes, and it was awesome, it was so fun, to being responsible and caring about people and being really concerned about peoples safety, and that was also awesome but it was very different. So I think it kind of depends on where your living and what you wanna do, and how afraid are you, like how much risk are you willing to take? Because we are still a really really risky event, but we don't risk peoples lives now, well I guess we do a little bit with all the fire, but we don't take the same kind of risks that we used to. We have a whole legal team, we have in house general council and we have probably thirty other lawyers that volunteer their time to help us, but we are big and we live in a very controlling society so we need that, I don't think everyone does. 

Deogo-
Well, lets perspectivate here in time, when we started in ninety whatever, we did it very much as they did it, it was totally illegal. We just had a nice van with a great generator and great sound system and we chose a beautiful location, there's thousands of the in Portugal. And we just called our friends, lets meet you know Friday night full moon, whatever lets make a party, and thats how we started. Of course as the groups started growing I still remember the first time we actually said 'ok this time we great a really nice sound system, a really good generator so it doesn't crack up five times during the night, and we maybe going to get a nice DJ from England', and thats going to give us costs, and then we started bringing tickets in, this was in 93, 94. After that,when we started growing somehow the authorities found us, and that time they were like 'ok you guys are here, your bringing in like one to two thousand people to your event, (this is still the parties as I told you earlier on) we need to do something about this, we want our share of it'. So then started the licences. The licences in the beginning were all and very soon this was totally impossible, very soon we had people working with us to help guide us through the licencing of the event. As this thing kept on growing now or days we actually have a whole team of lawyers, licence people, politicians that help us out to actually make this event possible. For any of you to touch that water, which is there we had to go through this amount of licencing this year, because that water supposedly can only be used by agricultural people that use it a kilometers away from here. We are not supposed to touch that water, legally. So, for us to be swimming in it, using it, pumping it into the gardens etc etc it is about this big, the licencing process. So of course things get complicated as you grow, but thats society in general I would say. And I think Fusion also had a lot of this in the last few years. 

Eule-
We had a very special situation in the nineties after the reunification, and the former GBR the eastern part of Germany, when we came there the authorities were not prepared for anything like the big party like that, they were not really trained, and when we started that they had no idea how to manage it. If we would have done this south of Hamburg it would have not been possible from the beginning. In the eastern part it was possible, people have been much more open minded, they say 'well, lets let them do one and lets look what they do', and thats what we did the first event, and they say 'what happened we didn't even hear it or whatever, it was not too loud maybe'. But then they found out that its not that bad and they say 'well but its for young people, there is nothing happening here in the middle of nowhere, they do something, they come they are nice, they are friendly so lets go with them'. They participate from the beginning in a friendly way and we got to the point where if we found out there is a problem, and we find out about the problems first of course because we are there, and we solve the problem before they find out there is a problem. It has never happened that they have come to us and say 'you have a problem', we can go there and say 'we have a problem'. We had a big problem with the overcrowding and it came to the point that we know as soon as they know what big problem we have they will say 'we cant give you permission for that anymore'. But because we know we have to solve the problem because they say we cant give you permission to solve the problem' in a not easy way, but we try to solve our problems before they get to become to big of a problem.

Isis-
Very good. Something about the kulturalkosmos territory is also different than your territory because you both use a temporary space and you have bought the land? How does it work then?

Eule- 
We have bought the land in the last tear piece by piece, the last fifty acres we bought in ninety four, because when we started we obviously bought a lot of things, we start infrastructure, water, electricity whatever. And we know it is a question of time until someone will come and want to buy this land. It was owned by the government, it was a former Russian airport, so after the Russians had left it went back to the German government and we know if we will not lose it in a few years we will have to buy it. So, we bought the first piece, and then piece by piece now we have about a hundred acres. So which is almost two thirds of what we use for the festival, the rent from the government. But because it is our own land it gives us some different conditions, like for example police will not come to the site. We have a really clear appointment that their area is the streets outside and they don't come, they would never go and act on or even try to come onto the sit. But its not that they are angry about that they know its much more peaceful if they respect it like it is. And never in eighteen years has the question 'why cant we go in there' been asked, and it was more in the beginning and of course if there is two thousand people you can say 'there is no need for police', but if there sixty to seventy thousand people, of course people can ask 'why is there no police inside'. Its maybe a really unique situation and we are really happy that its like it is and we want to keep it like it is.

Isis-
Does anybody want to ask another question? 

Audience member 2-
Part of green village at Boom is being bare foot, whenever I visit my family at home in Germany I go and visit Fusion. One thing I have always found a bit annoying, and a problem that you talked about as well the garbage collection, is the glass bottles and particularly when they are in a broken state. Are you considering abolishing glass bottles from the site and making it a glass free event? 

Eule-
Well when I came here and I saw everyone is buying cans, I was wondering 'what the fuck is that?' If you come to German its like a no go, but its funny to drink beer from cans after you haven't done it in so much time. Cold beer from cans, well. There is a reason here why they sell cans, and we thought glass because beer from a glass bottle is much better than beer out of a can. Yeah. The problem is not the glass bottle, the problem is how people use the glass bottle. The problem are the people that throw the glass bottle on the floor, and we have to change the peoples mind that no they should not throw it on the floor, there is a deposit on the bottle. And this year we started setting up all this place and every place where people can bring, and the problem is not the bottle that they buy in the festival, the problem is with the bottles they bring. There is no boarder between the campsite, there's a  fence there but you can bring whatever you want, and we have to collect these bottles where nobody gets a deposit. There are a lot of bottle collectors maybe they can solve part of the problem, but the main solution is to make people think that broken glass on the ground is bullshit. 

Audience member 3- 
First of all I would like to say I appreciate very much the solution that I see here at Boom about how to reduce our impact. I would like to bring the idea of giving one cup at the gate to everybody here at boom so they can use the same cup for the whole festival to reduce the number of plastic cups that we use. Of course we are going to recycle, but if we reduce the amount of garbage it is even better. I know some festivals are already doing it, and I think most of the people coming here to Boom would be very happy to receive one plastic reusable cup, to use it for the whole festival. I want to ask Deogo, what do you think about this idea, could it be implemented or have you already thought of it? Thank you. 

Deogo-
Yes we did. Ok so the cup situation is like this, the cups we use are non-plastic, they are potato starch and they are part of our composting system. All the cups that you have here are going to go straight into the compost system, the restaurants also make part and the toilets also make part and it is all transformed back into minerals. The idea of bringing a cup actually it was from Holland, another festival in Holland Landrell, they did it back in the nineties and in the north of Europe you can do it because the temperatures are quite low. Here we cannot risk that in the name of health, we have mainly a few cups for the support staff that have access to lets say very easy cleaning systems, they can clean their cups everyday with soap etc, but to have you know, a few tens of thousands of people hanging around with their cups in the dust it would create a bit of a mess in the tents of medical sense. So thats why we have opted not to do it and to go to the potato starch cups.

Isis-
Maybe Harley can add onto this subject-

Harley-
We use the same kind of cups for our staff, and their (inaudible) so they are all sustainable like that as well. We have a big push which is BYOC, which is 'Bring Your Own Cup', and we had to fight with our health department to let them do it because of the health reasons, but because we don't have no centralised kitchens at all, and everyone is bringing their own. We have never had to fight the battle with the health department that we are responsible for someone getting sick because everyone is feeding themselves. So we get away with it because of that but we had to fight for it. 

Audience member 4-
Hi this questions really for Harley, i'm an eight time Burner and first time Boomer and i'm wondering if there has been any discussion about composting toilets at Black Rock City?

Harley-
Yes there is lots of discussion about composting toilets almost every year, and at this point we haven't found a vendor that is able to supply over a thousand and five hundred toilets for us. The green year, maybe you where there because I think that is within the eight years the green year, we looked into it and we had some, they were really hard for us to maintain, we also did bio-diesel that year with selective camps, it was kind of a nightmare but you know once you get used to something it gets better. So certain things are just too hard for us to do right now with the current manufacturers, but our goal is over time is to find somebody to work with and do that. 

Audience member 5-
Can you talk about the influence of drug policy and the perception of drug use in your respective countries and how it affects the behavior and safety of the population at each festival and how you view each other in that respect.

Isis-
Can you repeat it please?
Audience member 5-
Can you talk about drug policy and the public perception in your perspective countries of drug use and how that affects the behavior, the safety of the population in your respective festivals.

Isis-
Maybe its nice to talk about the Kosmicare and you have a similar space at Fusion and I don't know how Burning Man works.

Sara-
I don't know if it answers your question but there is a place named Eclipse, its like Kosmicare here also where people who are taking drugs and need help, and if people cannot manage what they have taken or need some good help they can go there. But I think the question was more...

Eule-
I think the question was more how we the festivals manage it, and how it affects the public or the public of the festival. When we started with Fusion there was a lot of fear of the people around, the locals when they see 'well there is a festival coming this bunch of hippies, what are they bringing they are bringing drugs, bad attitude whatever, bad influence to our kids.' They were afraid, they were afraid, so we had to conferences that involved police and politicians and all kind of society like social workers or whatever to talk about whether we want to have a repressive drug policy or a preventative drug policy. And we always said ok 'we don't want a preventive drug policy, we say ok its peoples own responsibility and what the politics does is repressive, they can do it outside the festival, they have heavy controls when you come to the festival and when you leave. You should not leave the festival if you have not at least been two day clear in your head because otherwise you will lose your licence. In Germany it is really hard, you will lose your licence easily. Now or days they have really good chemical tests to see whether you used drugs two or three days before. So we keep the space open until Wednesday to give everyone the option to come down, to come clean again and run into the arms of the police when they are clean.

Deogo-
Well yeah defiantly the country and its policies affect how festivals manage their drug policy. In Portugal at the moment we've got a law which is mild lets say, its not totally permissive but its mild. And so we are a bit more relaxed inside the festival than most of the other countries around Europe can be for example. For us, the main point is that again, its like garbage its nothing to do with it but again the question came. If we bring this amount of people together knowingly because we are not stupid that obviously many of them will try different substances. It is our responsibility as a community, not only as a festival and festival producers but as a community, all of us to actually take care of our own tribe. So it became very clear for us in the late nineties that if anyone was having a difficult experience while on substances that we would like to cater for them to take care of them, thats where Kosmicare was born. And from then on it became much clearer for us we wanna deal with our own problems, not that a person having a strange trip is a problem, but it can become a problem, not only for yourself but for all the community around it and also for the local community around the festival. And in that sense we try to solve the problem here, we try to bring that person into a new phase of their experience. Politically speaking, or regarding authorities at the moment in Portugal as I said its mild, and so the police are also getting milder. They are still adapting to the law, its a very new law its only a few years, so the older police are still in the old frame, the newer police are trying to teach the newer police the new frame. But its working, its slowly working its slowly becoming more tolerant, and I think you have pretty much felt it, there is quite a lot of freedom inside this festival.

Harley-
So, the United States is really hard on these kinds of topics so its a very difficult environment. I really love what Portugal are doing here, trying that experiment for the rest of the world and I think it is successful and I would love us, the United States to adopt that perspective on drugs. At the event our drug statistics are extremely low, and thats because you don't go out to the middle of nowhere and I mean really the middle of nowhere. Where you cant wear your shoes because the ground is going to make your feet slice and get bloody, and when a dust storm comes you really cant see your hand in front of your face and take drugs stupidly. So we have a pretty informed, pretty intelligent populous that comes, and our statistics are quite low, but you would not know that by listening to any of the media, or talking to law enforcement at our events, and law enforcement at our events do come into our event whenever they feel like it, and please nobody quote me in the media. I believe they are there mostly to find traffickers but they have found very few, they just really kind of bust people. So its really kind of a hostile environment when it comes to drugs, so people really have to be on their guard. So its complex, its getting better over time, over time is like we all get older and have more relationships with them they trust us more, and actually frankly as we have climbed the ladder we are dealing with Washington DC rather the local county in our area, we are getting a little more leverage on it, but it's a very complex subject but one that I don't really talk about that much because I get upset. 

Isis-
Thank you.

Audience member 6-
Yeah hello i'm Popish from Germany, I have got a question for all of you, how do you make decisions on certain issues, for example glass bottles on Fusion or not, or Boom is sold out or not. How do you collect the opinions and what is the process of finding a decision?

Harley-
Just because I have the mic I will go first, we have been strictly consensus for about twenty years and as of late, now that we have three non-profits and we really are global we've had to sort of modify that consensus but its deeply embedded in who we are. So now we have what are called meta-decision makers, if you walk in the room and your voice is going to be heard your voice is very very valuable, and you will know when you walk in the room whether there is going to be a consensus space decision or if there will be a meta-decision maker. That person will take everyone's decision and then have the final say, because sometimes we just cant wait that long, but we try to stay with consensus as much as possible. We have a document exactly by what we mean by consensus because again true consensus is really difficult to meet but we have formalised it and we know exactly what we mean when we say it and we all go by that.

Sara-
That's a good question, its different I would say we are kind of non-hierarchical but we are hierarchical too, we are both. We are also a group like the association called Kulturekosmos, its a non-profit association we are like twenty five people or thirty people depends, or twenty. We are meeting like once a month all year long and we take decisions also consensus, more or less. Then some questions also the crews or the people who work can decide by themselves more or less so not every question has to be asked in the big group. This man beside me also sometimes takes decisions on his own. But it is ok, like I said its a hierarchical non-hierarchical structure, so we discuss about it, we find solutions, we fight we have fun and its good. Yeah I would say. Oh yeah this is also good, in this group the association all the two hundred groups that I was talking about before, the crews they have one person in the association and a smaller group who are responsible for this crew. So this crew talks to this person and they take decisions and sometimes the decisions goes back to our group for a discussion, so yeah. 

Deogo-
So until very recently, I would say in two thousand and nine, we had a very pyramidal system very hierarchical, since then its starting to open up, its been banged on the top so it is a bit flatter now, there is much more people at the top trying to decide and take administrative decisions on how Boom is run. And then there is the pilots of the areas, every area has a coordinator and this coordinator also has the power of decision. But mainly the decisions are divided between the arts, structure, administration and accountancy. These decisions are interweaved by different people, we are not yet working in fully on consensus, we are planning to go in the future to even past consensus into new ideas that are popping up now or days in the different communitarian ways, but it is still a working process. I mean both groups already have non-profit, Boom finally created a non-profit a few weeks ago. Its still very young and it will grow in the next few years, and possibly most of the Boom things will be transferred into the non-profit. We are still working it out, seeing how it runs, looking for new ideas also.

Isis-
We have time for one more questions, Kiara is going to take the pick i'm sorry. Yeah he's been up for a while

Audience member 7-
Thank you Isis, I have a question for all of the panel, more for the Boom guy, how does the organisation deal or think of the current falling down of the economic system? Especially in Portugal the terrible stories about people not getting around, in Germany the one euro jobs and in the United States, the homeless situation, people losing everything. How do you feel, how do you thing about? I don't know in my limited perspective I see that at Boom festival there is a lot of rotation in the local people that work here, how does this work? How do you feel about it as an organisation? Of course in comparison to the big festivals you give three to four times as much for the same price, so thats really awesome, but still its something which is happening and how do you deal with this?

Deogo-
Ok, I mean part of being a beacon of sanity in insanity answers to your question. We try to be as visionary as possible from an economic perspective also. Until very recently we didn't work with volunteers at all, the volunteer program is something very new at Boom. We were paying staff 100% and the staff at boom now or days is about two thousand people working, and so staff was always paid. A very big percentage of that staff is local staff, people from around here. Apart from that this year we introduced a special ticket price, for what the, I don't know we invented a fantastic name, but the picked countries got a special price ticket if you could prove that you live in those countries, Portugal was one of them. It was Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain. And we have done that also for many years now with what we call 'countries in development', we have special ticket tiers for those countries also that are then sold through the ambassadors in those different countries. From the point of view of figuring out what to do in the future and how to counteract these sort of situations, what we are trying to do is very much through this Liminal Village, we've had many panels on alternate community, on how you can try and what we can think for the future. Not from this capitalistic perspective but from something that is much more human based, thats our vision in a way. Another imapct for example that this so called crisis is having from the perspective of an event, is that our event became exceedingly expensive this Boom this year is exceedingly expensive, everything in Portugal now is very expensive. I for example am quite amazed every time I go to fusion because there is a very big difference between the prices at the Fusion to the prices at the Boom, for food for drinks for whatever, being that Fusion is a lot cheaper than we are here. I was confronted with this by many people also many German friends they say 'why is a meal at Boom costing seven or eight when at Fusion it is five', and I found out the reason is Portugal is now jam locked into a tax deducting country. And we have been affected by that, food in Portugal is now taxed at twenty three percent, ever thing is twenty three percent instead of seven percent or six percent like it is mostly in Germany. So this is a big difference which is just one little speck of the crisis that is happening in Portugal is creating this. For example this year we have another big problem in the festival, which is ever foreigner worker, even if he is Spanish so comunitarian, has to leave here immediately twenty fiver percent of their earnings. This becomes a problem for artists, all the DJ's that are playing here this year have to leave here a quarter of their fee to whatever system that is collapsing. So all of these things happen, a lot of managing and diplomacy to be delt with, so in that sense the festival is also doing a lot of work in that area. I think what we really need is more information, more ideas and new concepts of economics, thats what we need, definitely.  

Eule-
About the food prices, its maybe also a question of regulation, because we tell the food sellers five euros is the maximum, they have to sell their food for five euros thats it. Anyway, its more expensive here, there are more expenses for them so maybe you can tell them six euro. And with the twenty five percent its the same here in Germany, like foreign artist we have to pay like twenty percent, we could take it form the artist but if you make an arrangement with the artist and then you come after and say 'now you have to give me twenty percent back' they would say 'well the fee was not that big', so we pay it on top. Anyway, the question of generally if the next economic comes, and it will come sooner or later, nobody knows how festivals can survive and continue with this. We have to realize that people here, people at Fusion and as well people at Burning man are mostly privileged middle class people, and they are not the first ones that will be affected by the next breakdown. But those ones who will be affected are maybe the ones that already now have difficulties coming to a festival like this, because of course the prices are high. And yes I know how much the Burning Man costs and I feel like ok, if i'm a poor worker I can't go there, its not only the entrance fee, I need a car I need to bring all the good I need all the stuff like that. But if we just say its hard to realise a festival in that size, and there are still money cuts nobody could see, and even we raised the price this year for twenty euros more. We get to a very difficult economic situation after the festival, and we have to deal with it every year. Every year we have to watch how can we finance everything without losing the opportunity and the goal to do what we want and to do what we think is important while not cutting the programme or the idealistic things that people come for, and want to do something special. We have to find out where we can save something but in the end if you have to pay what you get for. If you are not supported, like we have no support at all, we run a theater festival every second year, this year the festival is a huge one, its not like Fusion its five thousand people, but its like twenty different stages, and officially its not possible to finance something like this by itself. If I go to the theater I watch one show the government pays a one hundred euro on top of what I pay fifty euro. Otherwise its not possible, and to run a festival, a theater festival we have to support it, we have to support our theater festival. and if you do think like this at least someone wants to pay for it, the people who come to Fusion they also support and also pay attention, otherwise it would not work. 

Isis-
Yep.

Harley- 
Yep, so the simple answer is we increased our amount of what we call low income tickets, we doubled it, so the people who don't have means double the amount of them can get in. And we also cut our profit margin we did not increase our ticket prices to make more money or throw the costs back on the participants. Our ticket prices have gone up a little bit but thats due to the fat that again ever thing costs more to get it. But we actually made less money so we cut our profit margin. But again, because we crate a vessel and people come to our event and bring what it is what they wanna bring we have been through two major downturns now in our cycle, this one is much larger than the first one. But because we live in silicon valley where the dot com has such a huge impact on everything that happens at our event. We've seen two cycles now and I have seen something really really beautiful, and this is very inspiring, is that people spend less money to bring stuff to make their stuff at Burning Man, remember we just provide the shell they bring the stuff, they spend less money to do it but they are more ingenious with it. I think you will see historically that whenever times are hard creativity increases. People don't have jobs they have more time to spend making their art projects, and if they can cut the price down they make really cool shit, So there is a lot of ingenuity thats come out of both of these downturns and a lot of coming together of people who wouldn't have time or ability to come together otherwise to make really beautiful stuff. So its super hard but it also a time of creative prosperity and we are seeing that at our event.

Isis-

Unfortunately, we have come to the end of this panel discussion, I though it was great to hear you all talk about you inspiration, all the chances, the possibilities but also the difficulties in setting up these cutting edge events that go over the ordinary boarders and you always have to discover the new territory and what the new challenge is, but thank you for sharing all that information with us, thank you for coming all. And I would like a great applause for all the speakers, Harley Dubois from Buring man, Sara and Eule from Kulturekosmos and Fusion, and of course Deogo Ruivo, Boom. 























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